What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall?

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall is known as the peritoneum. This membrane is crucial as it forms a protective layer that covers the abdominal cavity and the organs within it, providing a smooth surface that facilitates organ movement and reduces friction between the organs and the abdominal wall during digestion and other movements.

In the context of the other options, the pleura refers specifically to the membranes surrounding the lungs within the thoracic cavity, while the pericardium is the membrane surrounding the heart. The meninges are protective layers covering the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system. Each of these membranes serves a different part of the body and has distinct functions, making peritoneum the correct choice for lining the abdominal wall.